Country: Ghana

FSD Africa, FSD Africa Investments and GIZ join forces to help more investment reach Africa’s real economy

Posted on by Riitho

Hamburg, 1 July 2026 – FSD Africa, FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH have signed a Memorandum of Understanding that formalises a collaboration to help channel more investment into Africa’s real economy.

The partnership brings together complementary expertise in market development, investment and technical assistance to identify investment opportunities, develop financial solutions, connect African and European investors with opportunities across the continent, and strengthen financial markets that support investment in climate, nature, carbon markets and financial inclusion.

Together, the organisations will work to:

  • Develop investment opportunities by sharing pipelines, exploring co-investment opportunities and working together on priority transactions.
  • Mobilise capital by engaging institutional investors, development partners and funders from Africa and Europe to support investment in climate, nature, carbon markets and financial inclusion.
  • Design investment solutions by combining GIZ’s structuring expertise with FSD Africa’s market development experience and FSDAi’s investment capabilities.
  • Share knowledge and strengthen markets through joint research, thought leadership, market convenings and the dissemination of practical lessons.

 

The Memorandum of Understanding will initially run for three years, with regular reviews to assess progress and identify new areas for collaboration.

Mark Napier, Chief Executive Officer of FSD Africa, said:

” No single organisation has all the pieces needed to turn opportunities into investment at scale. GIZ brings technical expertise and strong European partnerships. We bring deep knowledge of African financial markets, experience designing investment solutions, and the ability to invest where markets are still developing. Together, we can help connect more investors with opportunities that might otherwise struggle to attract capital.”

 

Anna Sophie Herken, Managing Director of GIZ, said:

“Across Africa, there is a wealth of innovation, promising businesses, and attractive investment opportunities. What is often missing are the right financial structures connecting investors with these opportunities at scale. This Memorandum of Understanding creates a framework for deeper collaboration between FSD Africa, FSD Africa Investments, and GIZ allowing us to combine our respective strengths – from investment expertise and catalytic capital to technical assistance in market development and investor engagement. Together, we aim to mobilise more private capital from both domestic and international investors into Africa’s real economy and ensure that finance works more effectively for sustainable development, climate resilience, job creation and economic growth.”

 

For more information/queries on FSD Africa, FSDAi and GIZ, please contact:

FSD Africa

Mireille Ferrari, Director, Strategic communications

mireille@fsdafrica.org

 

GIZ

Anna-Sophia Elm, ICAMA Initiative, GIZ

anna-sophia.elm@giz.de

 

About Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH is an enterprise owned by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany that provides services worldwide in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development. GIZ has over 50 years of experience in a wide variety of areas, including economic development and employment, energy and the environment, and financial sector development. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is the main commissioning party. To foster successful interaction between development policy and foreign trade as well as mobilise private capital for sustainable development, GIZ also closely cooperates with the private sector. On behalf of the commissioning parties and together with its partners, GIZ works in over 120 countries to deliver flexible and effective solutions that offer people better prospects and sustainably improve their living conditions. For more information, visit: https://www.giz.de/en.

FSD Africa Investments backs iungo Capital to unlock East Africa’s missing middle

Posted on by Riitho

Nairobi, 30 June 2026 — FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi) today announced a US$1.25 million commitment in iungo Capital, a lender that provides growth financing to small businesses across East Africa. The investment will strengthen iungo’s capital base, enabling them to borrow more and accelerate lending to businesses that struggle to access finance. 

Small and growing businesses (SGBs) are the engines of East Africa’s economies. They drive employment, anchor local value chains in food, manufacturing and trade, and form the backbone of communities across Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. Despite their outsized economic role, these businesses are systematically shut out of affordable finance: they are too large for microfinance yet still perceived to be too early and risky for traditional banks. 

iungo capital was built specifically to fill this gap. Operating across Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania, iungo provides USD-denominated loans of USD 250,000 on average in a first round, pairing capital with targeted technical assistance to strengthen business performance and support long-term growth. Since its inception, iungo has deployed over US$25 million across +60 businesses, building a resilient and diversified portfolio with strong credit performance while supporting job creation and inclusive economic growth across the region. 

FSDAi’s investment is made through its Nyala Facility, which provides flexible capital to support innovative financing models and Alternative Local Capital Providers (ALCPs), using its catalytic position to crowd in follow-on investment from institutional investors. This catalytic approach, combining patient, long-term capital with active partnership and enhanced governance support, reflects FSDAi’s broader commitment to building stronger, more inclusive financial markets across Africa.  

The investment is expected to support the creation or preservation of 800 jobs across East Africa, finance at least 30 businesses over the investment period, many which are founded, owned, or led by women. 

 

Announcing the investment, FSDAi’s Chief Investment Officer, Anne-Marie Chidzero, said: 

“iungo is an important emerging capital allocator, demonstrating how locally rooted fund managers can address the persistent financing gap faced by small and growing businesses across East Africa. By combining deep market knowledge with flexible financing, iungo is building a credible and scalable form of finance for SGBs. FSDAi’s catalytic investment will help de-risk the opportunity, crowd in institutional capital and enable iungo to scale its proven model across the region.”

Roeland Donckers, iungo Capital’s Managing Partner, underscored the significance of the investment, stating:

“Over the past 10 years, iungo capital has consistently targeted the biggest segment of SMEs with unmet finance needs, a traditional segment where local banks and many impact investment funds have gradually moved away from. FSDAi’s investment will help us catalyse the growth of a proven model, not just by its capital and the structure of the same, but also by providing technical assistance and indicating investor confidence to the wider market.”

 

For more information/queries on FSD Africa Investments and iungo Capital, please contact:  

FSD Africa Investments  

Joyce Waihiga, Manager, Communications, FSDAi 

joyce@fsdafrica.org

 

iungo Capital 

Roeland Donckers, Managing Partner 

roeland@iungocapital.com 

 

About FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi) 

FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi) is a specialist financial sector investor established by FSD Africa and the UK’s FCDO to strengthen and deepen Africa’s financial markets. We bridge critical funding gaps by investing patient, risk-bearing capital in novel financial instruments, facilities, and intermediaries. Our strategic investments take on early risk, test new models and catalyse capital from others to gradually transition the financial sector to finance Africa’s economic resilience and growth. To date, FSDAi has committed £127 million from its £309m capital commitment to 21 investments, and has successfully exited three investments, one at 2x money. For more information, visit: www.fsdafrica.org/fsdai 

 

About iungo Capital 

iungo Capital B.V. is a Netherlands registered investment holding company that provides mezzanine debt financing to traditional SMEs across East Africa. In Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania, iungo offers USD-denominated loans of up to US$500,000 in a first round, to businesses in labour-intensive sectors, including agri-processing and light manufacturing. Since inception, iungo has deployed over US$25 million across +60 businesses, pairing capital with targeted technical assistance to build resilient, high-impact portfolios that drive job creation and inclusive economic growth. Over 80% of iungo’s portfolio has been consistently 2X aligned.  For more information, visit: www.iungocapital.com 

FSD Africa to advise on the US$300 million Kenya Blue-Green Bond programme announced at the 11th Our Ocean Conference

Posted on by Riitho

Mombasa, Kenya, June 2026 – Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani (JKP), the regional economic bloc representing Kenya’s six coastal counties, in partnership with the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), FSD Africa, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA), and the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA), today announced the US$300 Million Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme, a landmark sustainable finance initiative designed to mobilise long-term capital for Kenya’s blue economy and climate resilience priorities.

The Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme seeks to unlock at least US$300 million for strategic investments in fisheries, aquaculture, maritime infrastructure, ports, coastal tourism, biodiversity conservation, blue carbon, climate resilience, sustainable coastal livelihoods, and value-added blue economy enterprises.

The Programme is expected to catalyse investment, create quality jobs, strengthen coastal value chains, expand opportunities for women and youth, support ecosystem restoration, and enhance the resilience of coastal communities while contributing to sustainable economic growth.

A key pillar of the Programme is the scaling of blue carbon initiatives, including mangrove restoration and conservation, to support biodiversity protection, carbon sequestration, ecosystem recovery, and community-based climate finance while advancing Kenya’s climate and sustainable development objectives.

The announcement was made on the margins of the 11th Our Ocean Conference in Mombasa, where public institutions, development partners, investors, and private sector stakeholders signed a Joint Declaration establishing the Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Joint Technical Committee. The Committee will lead programme preparation, project pipeline validation, investor engagement, resource mobilisation, governance design, feasibility assessments, and the development of an issuance roadmap.

The Programme is aligned with Kenya Vision 2030, the Fourth Medium-Term Plan (MTP IV), and the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA), which recognise the blue economy as a strategic frontier for economic growth, job creation, climate resilience, and sustainable development.

The initiative reflects the priorities articulated by H.E. President William Samoei Ruto during the 11th Our Ocean Conference, where he called for accelerated implementation of ocean commitments, increased investment in ocean-based adaptation, stronger regional collaboration, and practical solutions capable of translating commitments into tangible outcomes for communities, livelihoods, and ecosystems.

Building on this vision, Cabinet Secretary for Mining, Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, H.E. Hassan Ali Joho, underscored the importance of mobilising innovative financing solutions to unlock the full potential of Kenya’s blue economy. He specifically called for the creation of an enabling investment environment to support blue bonds and other resource mobilisation strategies for ocean investment while accelerating investment in sustainable fisheries, coastal development, marine conservation, and ocean-based climate resilience initiatives.

Speaking on behalf of the coastal counties, H.E. Maj. (Rtd.) Dr. Dhadho Godhana, Governor of Tana River County and Chairman of Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani, welcomed the initiative as a transformative platform for regional development.

“The Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme provides a pathway to unlock long-term investment into coastal infrastructure, fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, environmental conservation, and climate resilience. It is about creating jobs, expanding economic opportunities, empowering women and youth, strengthening community livelihoods, and securing a sustainable future for Kenya’s coastal communities.”

 

Dr. Emmanuel Nzai, Chairman of the Kenya Vision 2030 Delivery Board and Chief Executive Officer of Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani, described the Programme as a flagship financing platform for Kenya’s coastal transformation.

“This milestone marks the transition from strategy to execution. Through the Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme, we are bringing together government, development partners, investors, and the private sector to establish a scalable financing platform capable of accelerating sustainable growth, strengthening climate resilience, restoring critical ecosystems, and improving livelihoods across Kenya’s coastal region.”

 

The Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme has been accelerated through the Nairobi Securities Exchange’s Sustainable Finance Centre of Excellence, which has supported ecosystem convening, capacity building, investor readiness, sustainable finance structuring, project preparation, and strategic stakeholder engagement. As a member of the African Natural Capital Alliance, NSE is committed to advancing the protection of natural capital by providing a trusted platform for capital mobilization and fostering an enabling environment that promotes sound governance, transparency, and integrity in sustainable financing.

As the capital markets partner to the Programme, the Nairobi Securities Exchange will work with stakeholders across the capital markets ecosystem to develop robust capital pathways, strengthen issuer readiness, facilitate investor engagement, mobilise long-term domestic and international capital, and support future issuances under the Programme.

Cecilia Bjerborn Murai, Principal Specialist, Sustainable Finance at FSD Africa, welcomed the initiative as an important milestone for sustainable finance in Africa.

“The Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme demonstrates how innovative capital market solutions can mobilise long-term investment for economic growth, climate resilience, and environmental stewardship. It represents an important step towards establishing a scalable African model for blue-green economy financing.”

 

FSD Africa and UNDP will provide sustainable finance expertise, technical assistance, capacity building, and resource mobilisation support throughout programme implementation.

The partners have committed to immediately commence programme implementation activities, including establishing governance structures, validating project pipelines, engaging regulators and strategic partners, mobilising technical assistance, and undertaking the feasibility and structuring work necessary to support future issuances under the Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme.

The Programme will adopt an impact measurement framework aligned with international sustainable finance standards, tracking economic, social, climate, biodiversity, blue carbon, gender, and youth outcomes to ensure measurable benefits for communities, investors, and ecosystems.

Through the Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme, Kenya is laying the foundation for a scalable African model for mobilising private capital into the blue economy, demonstrating how innovative finance can accelerate sustainable development, strengthen climate resilience, protect marine ecosystems, and create lasting prosperity for future generations.

 

About the Kenya go Blue-Green Bond programme

The Kenya Go Blue-Green Bond Programme is a collaborative initiative involving Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani (JKP), the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), the Kenya Vision 2030 Delivery Board, the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA), the Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA), FSD Africa, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), coastal county governments, development partners, investors, and other strategic stakeholders.

The Programme seeks to develop innovative financing mechanisms, including blue bonds, green bonds, and other sustainable finance instruments, capable of mobilising long-term capital for sustainable coastal and marine development while positioning Kenya as a leading hub for blue economy finance and advancing inclusive, climate-resilient growth.

Launch of green project preparation facility to unlock investment in climate infrastructure in Ghana

Posted on by Allan Musumba

FSD Africa, the British High Commission, and the Ghana Infrastructure Investment Fund (GIIF) have launched a Green Project Preparation Facility (PPF) – a platform designed to bridge Ghana’s infrastructure financing gap by preparing climate-aligned projects for investment.

The Facility was formally launched yesterday evening in Accra. The PPF, initially capitalised with a commitment of GBP5mn from UK Government, was first announced during President H.E. John Dramani Mahama’s visit to the United Kingdom as part of the UK–Ghana Growth Partnership. The facility will be hosted and managed by FSD Africa, in partnership with GIIF. It is anticipated that the PPF will grow in size, with support from other development partners in due course.

The PPF seeks to build a robust investible pipeline of green infrastructure projects, reduce development risk and time to financial close, and mobilise private capital while strengthening national delivery systems.

Mr. Nana Dwemoh Benneh, Chief Executive Officer of the GIIF, highlighted the significance of the new Facility for Ghana’s broader climate investment agenda.

“We are delighted to be part of this important initiative with FSD Africa and sincerely grateful to the FCDO for its support in making this facility possible. The PPF is both timely and strategic. It presents a significant opportunity for GIIF and FSD Africa to collaborate in developing a robust pipeline of bankable, climate-resilient, and investment-ready infrastructure projects. By strengthening project preparation capabilities across both the public and private sectors, the facility has the potential to unlock much-needed climate and infrastructure finance, crowd in private capital, and accelerate Ghana’s transition towards a more resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable economy”.

The British Deputy High Commissioner to Ghana Ms. Terri Sarch reaffirmed the UK’s long-standing commitment to supporting Ghana’s economic development, emphasising that climate-resilient infrastructure is central to shared prosperity.:

“The UK–Ghana partnership is about turning shared ambitions into real results. Through the Green Project Preparation Facility, we are delighted to be partnering with FSD Africa and the Ghana Infrastructure Investment Fund (GIIF) to turn strong Ghanaian ideas into investable projects. Further, the PPF will help unlock much needed finance toward climate-resilient infrastructure, improving Ghana’s ability to tackle increasing challenges posed by climate change.” said Ms Sarch

Ghana, in common with many of its West African neighbours and global peers, faces intensifying climate impacts. Shifting rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and increased flood frequency place growing pressures on urban infrastructure, energy systems and rural livelihoods. Around a third of Ghana’s electricity generation relies on hydropower, directly exposed to drought and erratic rainfall, while over 40 per cent of the workforce depends on climate-sensitive agriculture. Ghana’s exposure to these shocks makes investment in climate-resilient infrastructure an immediate development priority.

FSD Africa is a specialist development agency working to make finance work for Africa’s future. Headquartered in Nairobi, they operate across more than thirty African countries through a range of funds, institutions, and projects. The PPF will be hosted and managed by FSD Africa, in partnership with the Ghana Infrastructure Investment Fund (GIIF). FSD Africa brings several years of direct in-country engagement, including advisory support to the Ministry of Finance on debt management and domestic capital market development, co-development of the Ghana Green Finance Taxonomy, capacity-building for the National Insurance Commission on ESG frameworks, and ongoing partnership with the GIIF to establish a dedicated Climate Sub-Fund.

Mark Napier, CEO of FSD Africa, welcomed the launch as a pivotal step for Ghana’s climate finance ecosystem:

“We are privileged to extend our collaboration with Ghana by hosting the Green Project Preparation Facility. We hope that the PPF will prove instrumental in crowding domestic private capital into a series of important projects that will add value to the economy and boost Ghana’s climate resilience. We look forward to the partnership with GIIF on this highly impactful initiative”.

The PPF is open to both public and private sector project developers working on climate-aligned infrastructure in Ghana. Projects will be assessed on the basis of their climate impact, financial viability and potential to attract investment, and are expected to cover a range of priority sectors, including renewable energy, waste and water management, urban infrastructure, transport, housing and social infrastructure.

An initial pilot cohort of projects is already in active preparation. The full PPF pipeline will be developed through a structured, transparent appraisal process in partnership with the GIIF and other Ghanaian stakeholders. Further details on eligibility criteria, the application process and contacts can be found at http://fsdafrica.org/

FSD Africa supports Fund Managers’ Association (FMA) of Kenya’s transition to Self-Regulatory Organisation (SRO) status

Posted on by Riitho

FSD Africa and the Fund Managers’ Association of Kenya (FMA) are pleased to announce a strategic partnership under which FSD Africa will provide financial and technical support to FMA as it embarks on a transformative journey towards becoming a Self-Regulatory Organisation (SRO).

As an SRO, the FMA will transition into a non-government organisation able to establish, monitor, and enforce industry standards and regulations. By tapping into best practices in the global fund management industry, FMA will support the regulator in ensuring that its members conduct themselves ethically and legally, helping protect investors and maintain market integrity. Ultimately, this will boost investor confidence in Kenya’s fund management industry, attracting even bigger investment through pooled funds. The initiative marks a significant milestone in the evolution of FMA, which has represented Kenya’s licensed fund management industry for the past 18 years. As Kenya’s capital markets continue to deepen and mature, FMA believes that pursuing SRO status is the next progressive step to strengthen industry standards, enhance investor confidence, promote professional excellence, and support the long-term development of the asset management sector.

FSD Africa’s support reflects a shared commitment to building stronger financial markets and mobilising long-term domestic capital to support economic growth and sustainable development.

Dr Evans Osano, Chief Financial Markets Officer at FSD Africa, said:

“A strong and well-governed asset management industry is critical to the growth and resilience of Africa’s financial markets. FMA has played an important role in advancing professionalism, stewardship and market development in Kenya’s investment management sector. We are pleased to support the Association as it explores the path towards SRO status, which has the potential to strengthen market integrity, improve industry standards and contribute to a more robust investment ecosystem.”

Nicholas Ithondeka, Chair of the FMA Council, said:

“This support comes at a defining moment for the Association. Over the past 18 years, FMA has evolved into a respected voice for the fund management industry. Pursuing SRO status represents a natural progression in our institutional development and demonstrates our commitment to raising standards, strengthening accountability and supporting the continued growth of Kenya’s capital markets.”

Fred Mburu, Chief Executive Officer of FMA, said:

“We are extremely pleased by FSD Africa’s affirmation of the important work and ambitions of the Association. This partnership is not only an investment in FMA as an institution, but also in the future of Kenya’s investment management industry. The journey towards SRO status reflects our members’ collective vision for a stronger, more professional and globally competitive asset management sector that serves investors and contributes meaningfully to national development.”

The project will involve stakeholder engagement, international benchmarking, technical assessments and the development of an implementation roadmap to evaluate and support the transition towards an effective self-regulatory framework.

A Deep Dive Study on the Impact of Regulatory Interventions

Introduction

Despite their potential in driving development, Africa’s capital markets remain underdeveloped. They are narrow and illiquid, with few listed and tradable securities, too few issuers, investors, intermediaries and a lack of financial product diversity, often dominated by government bond markets.

In response to the challenges that African capital markets face, FSD Africa has been providing technical assistance to regulators since 2016, particularly by assisting in strengthening regulatory frameworks and through capacity building. This learning brief presents some key lessons from the some of  FSD Africa regulatory efforts on strengthening capital markets in Africa.

The Emerging Regulatory Agenda – Improving Transparency of Nature-related Risks in Africa

Executive Summary

Financial regulators around the world are recognising that the depletion of nature poses major risks to financial and economic stability: these are additional to climate change risks.

  • They have the opportunity to act on nature-related risks because doing so ensures that they fulfill their core mandate to maintain financial stability.
  • Transparency is the cornerstone of strong risk management.
  • Regulatory momentum regarding disclosure of nature-related risks has been increasing globally.
  • African regulators, in particular, will see the benefit of acting with urgency because the continent is disproportionately exposed to nature-related risks.
  • African regulators can engage with this new agenda by following a set of no-regret moves as a key first step in developing a roadmap to incorporate nature-related risks into financial disclosure.
  • These no-regret actions include aligning with a government agenda, understanding requirements, determining availability of capacity, and engaging with existing nature alliances.

Introduction

Degradation of our natural ecosystems poses a significant risk to our financial and economic stability. A significant portion of our global economic product relies on nature and natural systems. As human activity and climate change continue to deplete these systems, we need to create a regulatory agenda to better manage nature-related risks and the harms they can create. This paper offers up next steps for this regulatory agenda, specifically in the context of Africa, illustrating the urgency to do so for African economies, why transparency should be an important component of any regulatory agenda, and what African regulators can do to support stable nature-positive economies.

A rapid analysis of the gender intentionality of Africa’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

Introduction

As countries gather at UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) in the UAE, where the highly anticipated first-ever global stocktake is expected to conclude. We are pleased to share – A rapid analysis of the gender intentionality of Africa’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This paper investigates gender intentionality using several dimensions including gender-responsive budgeting in African NDCs. More importantly, the paper explores whether countries are mobilising and allocating climate finance with a gender lens, and it makes recommendations for governments, financiers, and investors to ensure climate finance is not gender neutral.

African countries are called upon to reflect on key gaps articulated in this paper, and work towards accelerating gender-responsive climate finance actions.

Is it time for a solar receivables finco?

In the last ten years PayGo – the method of distribution and financing of off-grid solar home systems (SHS) – has revolutionized the effort to bring clean, renewable energy to people in Africa without access to electricity.

While the achievements of the PayGo sector are a cause for celebration, the companies that employ this business model have struggled. Several notable companies have failed outright. Others have slowly wound down or continue to struggle. Most – although not all – of the remaining companies have not achieved profitability after five or more years of operations.

Today, those of us working in the PayGo sector are making an effort to understand why PayGo companies have generally not achieved profitability and what can be done about it.

This paper presents our analysis of one of the key weaknesses in the PayGo industry and provides a prescription for the next stage of the industry’s evolution. Our analysis centers around a central feature of PayGo companies: each PayGo company is essentially two businesses. One is a solar products retail distribution company. The other is a consumer finance company, or
“Finco”.

It is estimated that 490 million people are accessing energy through off-grid solar solutions worldwide. In Africa, nearly 50% of these are people that would not have been able to afford solar home systems without the financing provided by PayGo. This is nothing short of remarkable.

West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Green Bond Scoping Report

The Member States of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) face the triple challenge of addressing the consequences of climate change, developing infrastructure in light of strong anticipated demographic growth, and rebounding from the impacts of recent global shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic (hereafter “COVID”) and the war in Ukraine. These challenges need to be met in the context of sizable long-term financing gaps in several economic sectors, and within the fiscal constraints imposed by sovereign debt burdens which, for some Member States, are significant – especially in the context of tightening global credit markets and rising interest rates. Faced with these challenges, Member States need to ensure the development of their economy, while integrating the commitments developed within their Nationally Determined Contribution1 (NDC), which aim to combat climate change as part of broader national development plans. In this regard, private sector actors are required to contribute alongside public sector actors to the achievement of climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives, particularly in sectors whose expected contribution has been defined as relatively important.

“Green Bonds” are financial instruments whose proceeds are utilised to finance eligible projects and activities designed to foster sustainable, resilient and inclusive growth. In this sense, Green Bonds fit into the list of alternative financing mechanisms that can be used to solicit some of the capital needed for national objectives, potentially allowing access to a broader and more diverse investor base, some of whose investment mandates include positive environmental and social impact requirements.

This Study focuses on the feasibility of developing an active market for Green Bonds in the WAEMU region and aims to assess the potential for sovereign and corporate Green Bond issuance. The Study highlights multiple deficiencies that may impede the development of such a market, and provides recommendations to overcome them. Initiatives and interventions that should be taken to foster the emergence of such a market are also presented, as well as opportunities to develop a pipeline of green projects and activities eligible for Green Bond financing.

Given the regional, multi-country scope of the Study, a desktop review and stakeholder consultation was undertaken to identify common barriers, which are primarily related to three themes:

  • The underdevelopment of the regional financial market relative to international standards.
  • The lack of Green Bond and general climate initiatives from national governments, institutions and industries.
  • The generally low level of familiarity among key market stakeholders with the international standards and requirements associated with Green Bonds, and consequent low capacity to meet such standards.

For each barrier identified, actionable recommendations are drawn from the lessons learned from more successful Green Bond programmes in other Sub-Saharan African countries, whilst giving due consideration to the specific nuances of the WAEMU region to assess their applicability. The findings from the desktop research were then supplemented and validated during additional interviews and in a stakeholder engagement workshop to ensure the recommendations are context appropriate.

The desktop review covers the following key determinants of market development potential:

  • Regional debt capital market (structure, regulation, depth, liquidity, stakeholders, etc.)
  • Historic context and current trends regarding sovereign and corporate bond issuance (issuance features, context and objectives, subscription rate, credit, etc.)
  • Regional and national advances in climate integration and related initiatives.
  • Stakeholders’ capabilities with regard to international standards and requirements for Green Bonds
  • Investor appetite (investor awareness, investment trends, incentives, obstacles, etc.).