Category: News

Adopting ESG Principles In Insurance Industry

Although, industrialisation has brought huge development in job creation and world advancement, it has equally led to the degradation of the environment and encroachment of natural habitat that has led to climate change.

The drought, ocean surge, fire outbreak, among others, are the rotten fruit of industrialisation and urgent steps had to be taken to address this looming danger staring at us.

The Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Principles came into being, to address this challenge and several multinationals and local firms have incorporated ESG principles in their modus operandi to lower the effect of climate change.

ESG principles can lead to sustainable business by incorporating toolkits that guide the business in the context of the environment. This will ensure that insurance business is carried out responsibly.

Meanwhile, insurance industry globally is continuously undergoing profound changes, and the disruption faced are not just digital but also harsh market conditions, informed demanding customers, innovative/ new market entrants as well as regulations.

However, in insurance industry across Africa, the Nairobi Declaration on sustainable Insurance are expected to be given serious consideration by the Nigerian insurance industry.

Stakeholders’ Reactions

The commissioner for Insurance/CEO, the National Insurance Commission(NAICOM), Mr. Sunday Thomas, said, with the requisite knowledge of ESG, insurance companies would be able to enhance the value of their companies and avert the danger of paying little or no attention to the impact of ESG in corporate survival and sustainability.

“We must take cognisance of the fact that industrialisation and economic development have given rise to a wide spectrum of environmental externalities and social impacts bringing to the fore issues like board structure, shareholder rights, business ethics, risk management, incentives and executive compensation.

“Consequently, for businesses to continually develop, they must take into consideration the community in which they operate, ensure consistent value to customers, maintain the highest standards of governance and ethics, and mitigate its overall impact on the environment,” he pointed out.

Thomas maintained that, sustainable finance, which is the creation of economic value through the provision of financial services, now integrates ESG considerations for the lasting benefit of stakeholders and the society at large.

The objective, he noted, was to achieve a balance in the pursuit of economic prosperity with environmental protection and social development.

He advised that, in the financial services industry, there is an increasing realization that sustainable practices have a positive potential to save costs, increase revenues, reduce risks, develop human capital and improve access to finance thus, while ignoring sustainability issues increases legal and reputational risk.

“ESG (Environment, Social, and Governance) are the three broad categories within which corporate sustainability is measured. It is pertinent to point out here that sustainability reporting is becoming more and more prevalent and sought for not just by governments through regulations, but also by stakeholders such as investors, consumers, and employees. Increasingly, companies all over the globe are incorporating sustainability in long-term development strategies as well as their day to day operations.”

While admonishing insurance institutions to imbibe the principles of entrenching  ESG issues in their decision-making process while they conduct insurance businesses, he added that, “working with other stakeholders to raise awareness on environmental, social and governance issues, manage risk and develop solutions in the conduct of insurance business in Nigeria is key.

“More so, working together with government at all levels, regulators and other key stakeholders to promote widespread action across society on environmental, social and governance issues in the insurance sector.

“We must demonstrate accountability and transparency by regularly disclosing publicly your progress in implementing these principles to relevant institutions responsible for; Monitoring and Evaluation of Compliance and Carrying out survey and research among stakeholders including (NAICOM, SEC, FRC),” he pointed out.

Thomas stressed that NAICOM also expects that insurance institutions take interest in pursuing: the developments of Green Products; improving operations geared towards energy efficiency; investment strategies; leveraging technologies; insuring people with disability; prioritise Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) and  improving & complying with professional standards.

He reiterated NAICOM’s resolve to proactively respond to Climate changes like flood and disaster management; Monitoring Population Growth- Annuities Insurance Longevity; watch out for Green Technology- which includes Work on Electronic Submission of regulatory returns and renewal of licenses etc; investment and strategy support to Ethical Investment.

Other areas of top priority are: Green Products- Takaful & Microinsurance, implementation of Policies to encourage Insuring Crops and Weather Base Index, treating customers fairly- Prompt Claims payment as well as seeking synergy with development partners FSD Africa on BimaLab Project.

“Wherever there is a challenge, there is an opportunity. Thus, all the sources of disruptions can be harnessed to become a source of growth for insurers. While no one can predict exactly what insurance might look like in a decade, insurers can take several steps now to prepare for these changes.

“It is imperative that as an industry, we take precautionary measures by raising awareness within ourselves on the potential sustainability impacts of business transactions, and integrating these considerations into pre-emptive and holistic risk management processes.

“We encourage insurance companies to reduce their environmental footprint through their internal operations and business activities. As leaders of your respective companies, it is instructive that you take deliberate steps at reconciling long-term with short-term goals, global expansion with local objectives, workplace and community issues; all of which must be united, while not losing sight of the basic goals of profitable operations and increasing shareholder value.

“In other to facilitate economic prosperity, ensure environmental sustainability and social development, we must join forces with identified stakeholders to drive long term sustainable growth in the insurance sector for lasting benefits to all stakeholders.

“As an industry, we should draw on external knowledge and partnerships to keep pace with wider trends affecting not just the local but also the global insurance market. We must discover strategies to adapt and overcome further changes in the near future that may arise as a result of entrenching Economic, Social and Governance principles, as we forge ahead together in creating an enabling and sustainable environment through value creation,” he stressed.

Similarly, ICEA LION Group has charged insurance regulators and operators in Africa to adopt Environmental-Social-Governance(ESG) to drive sustainable growth of the market on the continent.

Speaking at the recent 2022 Insurance Directors’ conference held at the College of Insurance and Financial Management (CIFM) in Lagos, Nigeria with the theme: ‘Transforming the Insurance Industry through ESG Principles: Directors’ Roles,’ the chief executive officer(CEO) of ICEA LION Holdings, Mr. Philip Lopokoiyit, said the key substance of the Nairobi Declaration on Sustainable Insurance was a declaration of commitment by African insurance industry leaders to support the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

He emphasised that the declaration is “an Africa-focused initiative designed to encourage and support African insurance market players.”

He further added that, “it is a convening tool that signals their willingness to develop ESG principles and solutions within their businesses as insurance players become change agents in light of the biggest challenge facing humanity.”

The declaration, according to him, is important because, while the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are gaining momentum, progress to meet these SDGs from a financial services perspective was not yet at the speed or scale required.

Lopokoiyit added that, the ICEA LION Group went to COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh-Egypt 2022 as a founding signatory to the  Nairobi Declaration on Sustainable Insurance (NDSI).

The group co-hosted a  Climate Adaptation event together with UNFCCC, FSD Africa and Namib Re as representatives of the NDSI on 9th November 2022.

At this event, the signatories announced the launch of the Africa Climate Risk Facility.

According to the ICEA LION Holdings CEO, the signatories made a commitment to insure cumulatively more than 1.4 billion people by 2030 as well as provide $14 billion insurance capacity for flood, drought & cyclones in Africa.

He spoke on the $900 million multi-donor-trust fund  facility, which when fully set up and resources mobilised, will be available for NDSI signatories.

The facility is expected to drive premium subsidies, product development and capacity building. According to the executive, other significant milestones for the continent at COP 27 included; the launch of the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative as well as the decision by developed countries to establish a loss and damage fund.

In terms of challenges of enthroning the ESG model in Africa, Philip identified six major roadblocks as heavy carbon-driven economies, few African voices on the issue, considerable lack of knowledge & awareness, uneven playing field for early-adopters of ESG,  short-term planning models and lack of green finance instruments to quickly facilitate adoption of ESG principles.

It is imperative to emphasise that the ESG model suggested by the executive reflected prominently in the 16-point communique released by the event organisers, underlining the importance and strength of the Group’s participation at the event.

The ESG principles canvassed by the CEO of ICEA LION Holdings that got a buy-in in the final communique include: that insurance can serve as a veritable tool to solve sustainable challenges such as: Pollution, Poverty, Social Inequality, Biodiversity, Climate change, among others; that the Nairobi Declaration on sustainable Insurance should be given serious consideration by the Nigerian insurance industry and that the outcomes of COP 27 can facilitate Nigerian market expansion, among others.

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Risk-based Recapitalisation Exercise Looms In Insurance Industry

Insurance industry will soon witness risk based recapitalisation exercise to ensure that each insurance company only insures businesses it has the capacity to redeem its claims, LEADERSHIP learnt yesterday.

Risk-based capital is a method developed by the regulator to determine the minimum amount of capital required of an insurer to support its operations and write coverage.

The risk-based capitalisation exercise, which may commence in 2023, is to ensure that underwriters upgrade their capital base in alliance with its risk appetite.

While this model iwill not prescribe any uniform capital, low capitalised insurers will face business restriction when the exercise commences.

Similarly, it was learnt that, high capitalised underwriters would be the only ones writing businesses in highly risked sectors, such as, Oil and Gas, aviation and maritime, even as the low capitalised ones would be restricted low risk businesses.

LEADERSHIP also learnt that  this initiative will enhance soundness and profitability of insurers through optimal capitalisation, even as it introduces proportionate capital that supports the nature of insurance business.  The complexity of the businesses being  conducted by insurers means the industry must undergo risk-based recapitalisation.

However, investigations show this method seems to be the best for the market as there will not be license withdrawal.

Corroborating this development yesterday at the 2022  National Insurance Commission(NAICOM) seminar for Insurance Correspondents in Lagos yesterday, the commissioner for insurance/CEO, NAICOM, Mr. Sunday Thomas, said the commission and FSD Africa have commenced the process of developing a risk-based capital model of the Nigerian Insurance Industry as part of the various regulatory and market development initiatives to uplift the insurance sector to a global standard.

Currently, he said, the industry is already operating a risk-based supervision which will later be backed by risk-based capital.

Thomas stressed that the commission is engaging stakeholders including state governments towards ensuring domestication of the laws to ensure compliance with compulsory insurances and improve the business of insurance in their respective states.

He raised concern about some people who hold positions that are unknown to the commission in the various insurance companies, causing problems for and de-marketing the industry.

“Anybody that is not known to the commission and is participating in a critical role in any of the insurance companies will be ban from participating in the insurance sector henceforth. We will make sure that the person does not participate in insurance business in this country anymore,” he stated.

Speaking on the theme of the conference: ‘the Future of the Nigerian Insurance Sector in a Shifting Landscape,’ Thomas said, the commission is promoting the development of products and business models that meet the needs of the financially excluded group, while ensuring automation of the commission’s processes with a focus on Actuarial capacity development Programme and risk-based supervision regime.

He said the theme at this period of rejuvenation, “calls for the Nigerian insurance sector to develop innovative products and distribution channels, embark upon massive infrastructural development, improvement in social safety nets scheme, rejig business continuity plans and general deployment of technology to meet the expectation of today’s consumers and create new experiences that add value.”

The NAICOM boss said, the commission is encouraged “to believe in a new dawn in all facets of our regulatory policies, leveraging technological innovations, and a positive paradigm shift focused and poised to meet the anticipated surge in the demand side of the economy.”

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Sudan: Supporting digital payments in cash programming (August 2022)

This report is intended to assist the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) and other humanitarian actors to leverage digital payment systems such as mobile money in their humanitarian cash transfers. FSD Africa commissioned Strategic Impact Advisors (SIA) to examine the challenges and opportunities of providing digital financial services (DFS) in Sudan, particularly to displaced populations and lowincome segments. SIA also leveraged the Connectivity Usage and Needs Assessment (CoNUA) data by GSMA to conduct additional analysis on beneficiary digital readiness, and assess the key challenges stopping them from either accessing or using their mobile devices in more diverse and confident ways.

Overall, this exercise aimed to improve cash assistance programs in Sudan and to provide guidance on improving access to DFS. Based on the analysis of the key barriers for both the supply and demand side, SIA came up with recommendations for how the humanitarian sector can help improve access to financial services and strengthen the underlying digital payments infrastructure.

Supply Side Recommendations

Provide Evidence of Revenue Potential

When humanitarian organizations engage the private sector, they can provide projected transfer numbers in more detail to help financial service providers (FSPs) calculate revenue potential. Providing FSPs with a clear roadmap of the number of households, including the values and frequency that cash is disbursed, can help providers get a clearer picture of the potential. Humanitarian organizations can also provide some of the analysis done on different segments to help providers think about which beneficiaries might be more likely to use the products and services beyond simply cashing out. Based on cash volume, value, and frequency projections provided by the Sudan Cash Working Group (CWG), SIA developed a high-level revenue potential analysis (Annex C) to help service providers assess the market opportunity for delivering digital cash transfers.

Support MNOs in Overcoming Airtime Credit Transfers

Cash-in/cash-out agents are a crucial part of any digital financial service, and the primary physical points of service for mobile money are currently nonexistent. Airtime resellers for mobile network operators (MNOs) are not being incentivized to consider mobile money as they are making high commissions off of airtime credit transfers, which is essentially using airtime to send funds that airtime resellers then turn into cash for a price. Humanitarian organizations can support the transition away from these more informal services by providing information on the frequency and value of transfers (demand) in a certain area to allow formal FSPs to help potential agents understand how much they could be making compared to the credit transfers they are conducting now via formal DFS (i.e. mobile money). Humanitarian organizations should support fintechs and other initiatives that are attempting to build out agent networks. Shared agent networks like Alsough are interoperable, meaning they provide a point of service where customers can access services regardless of their FSP (bank or mobile money), and provide choices among beneficiaries, allowing them to select the provider that offers the product that is the best fit for them.

Support in Bolstering the Access and Usage of ID

The Commission of Refugees (COR) identity document (refugee ID card) is not recognized as a know your customer (KYC) document within the governing KYC/customer due diligence (CDD) regulation or by most financial institutions; however, in 2019 the Central Bank of Sudan issued a decree stating that the refugee ID card is a KYC document, but banks have been slow to offer services to this segment and have yet to adapt their procedures to accept it. Humanitarian organizations can play an advocacy role in getting regulators to issue more clear guidance on refugee access to mobile money wallets. Among internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities, humanitarian organizations can educate beneficiaries about the benefits of having access to an ID that enables them to register for DFS.

Demand Side Recommendations

Expanding Digital Capability, With a Focus on Women

Across all segments, women were less confident in using a mobile phone or using the mobile internet. Building digital capabilities among beneficiaries, with a focus on women, can start to reduce this barrier. Humanitarian actors could begin considering how to integrate elements of digital capability training into their interactions with beneficiaries. Having greater digital capabilities and knowing which activities consume more data can also help improve smartphone users’ management and use of data, helping reduce costs.

Driving Down Costs of Handsets

Cost of handsets was the most popular barrier across all segments in White Nile and West Darfur. While the cost of mobile phones, particularly smartphones, is declining, cost is a major barrier for accessing and using a mobile phone. Humanitarian organizations could consider partnerships with MNOs to subsidize basic and smartphones for interested beneficiaries.

Awareness of Limited Network Coverage

Another barrier often cited was a lack of network coverage, particularly for the use of the mobile internet. Expanding network coverage is likely out of the scope of humanitarian organizations, but field staff could collect data on signal strength when making field visits and provide this feedback to MNOs. This information could be used to inform whether pushing for digital payments in certain areas is premature, as network coverage is weak. While it is highly unlikely humanitarian organizations can influence greater investment in network infrastructure in certain areas, they can provide information on weak network areas and help to make data driven decisions on where digital payments may be harder to achieve.

Insurance Inclusion: Swiss Re Foundation Raises $0.5m Grant To Fund Innovations For Rural Communities

The Swiss Re Foundation has announced a US$500,000 grant to spur innovation of insurance products for the underserved communities in Africa in the wake of rising risks.

Report noted that the funding, which will be distributed through FSD Africa’s supported BimaLab insurance accelerator programme, will help promising insurtechs to introduce and scale up innovative products targeting low-income groups, currently left out by existing insurance products.

“We acknowledge the role of the insurance sector in spurring the growth and development of the African continent. Through programmes such as BimaLab, the most vulnerable and low-income people will gain from the innovative, affordable and efficient insurance products and services,” said Stefan Huber Fux, director of Swiss Re Foundation.

The programme will help turn validated insurance-focused ideas to market and investor-ready and provide innovators with enabling regulatory environment for developing their ideas, according to the brief by the Foundation.

The foundation, started by Swiss Re in October 2011 to, among other goals, support innovations that boost societal resilience, had issued grants in 44 countries by 2021 and made $86.6m commitments between 2012 and 2021.

The Swiss Re Foundation grant will help define a path for scaling the BimaLab from three to ten countries, thereby allowing a deeper dive and creating a mechanism for continued technical support and funding.

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Africa’s carbon finance stream can be scaled up to $200 billion per annum – Osinbajo

Nigeria’s Vice President, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo, said Africa’s share of the global carbon market can be scaled up massively to reach foreign direct investment (FDI) of between $120 to $200 billion annually.

The Vice President stated this during his keynote speech at the Rockefeller Foundation meeting in New York.

He identified a combination of capital flows, job creation, and the avoidance of long-term climate destruction as critical drivers of African leaders’ interest in supporting this effort.

According to him, Africa currently has only a small share of the carbon market. He explained the importance of this projected carbon finance stream, saying:

“For a continent that needs $240 billion annually in mitigation investment alone, this carbon finance stream could be the difference between transitioning and not (transitioning). As all of us in this room understand well, the priorities of the African continent are not just to act decisively on the climate crisis, but to also create significant growth opportunities for our young and growing population.”

“The investment required to advance the energy transition in Africa is huge. World Bank estimates suggest that Africa needs $6.5 trillion US dollars between now and 2050 for mitigation action alone to keep temperatures below 2 degrees of warming.”

VP Osinbajo also highlighted that the carbon market pipeline could create 30 million jobs in the next decade, with the potential to create more than 100 million jobs through climate-aligned projects by 2050.

Africa’s carbon markets: During his speech, VP Osinbajo noted that the rapid progress recorded in Africa benefitted from the support of a very engaged Steering Committee with the United Nations, Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP), USAID, and a range of other public and private actors, which resulted in the successful launch of the African Carbon Markets initiative (ACMI) in Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt during the COP-27 event.

“The strong commitment and presence from fellow African leaders demonstrate the willingness and leadership of Africa. We already have 7 African countries (Burundi, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Togo) signed up to develop country carbon activation plans and over $200 million in advanced market commitments, which we must continue to further advance as this is going to be the critical driver of action on the continent.”

“I think it’s an auspicious moment for Africa to be participating more fully in the global carbon market conversation, especially in the light of the slowing pace of green investment flows into the continent. The work several of us have done together in the past few months makes it clear that while other sources of flows are slowing down globally, carbon markets are growing rapidly,” Osinbajo said.

Advancing carbon markets: VP Osinbajo also spoke about the essence of collaborations in developing carbon markets on the continent. He said collaboration is a key to unlocking opportunities in Africa’s carbon markets. He said:

“One of the strong points of ACMI and the way we must structure it going forward, in terms of governance, is the flexibility to smoothly work with other initiatives, and there will be many others. Two days before the opening of Cop 27, Senator John Kerry and I had a conversation about the proposed Energy Transition Accelerator and we both agreed that once the details were worked out, we would work out a collaborative framework with ACMI.

“Carbon markets will play a critical role in the implementation of this (Energy Transition) Plan – in mobilizing the capital required to move to our net-zero economy-wide trajectory. I want Nigeria to have the first Carbon Markets Activation Plan.”

In his contribution, the US Presidential Envoy on Climate Change, Senator John Kerry, commended VP Osinbajo for his leadership on the issue of energy transition. Kerry said:

“We are grateful for the leadership of the VP, grateful for the reception you gave me on my visit to Nigeria. I am honoured to share the platform with you on how to move the African Carbon Market Initiative (ACMI) forward.

“It is possible to create a high-integrity carbon market in a way to address Climate Change and African Development aspirations. We are all joined together looking forward to developing the financing.”

In case you missed it: The ACMI is a new initiative that was launched during the conference of parties (COP 27) event held in Egypt. The ACMI will be led by a fourteen-member steering committee of African leaders, CEOs, and carbon credit experts. The ACMI aims to dramatically expand Africa’s participation in voluntary carbon markets.

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NAICOM Advocates Environmental Footprint for Insurance Companies

The National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) has encouraged insurance companies to reduce their environmental footprint through internal operations and business activities.

This call was made by the Commissioner for Insurance, Mr Sunday Thomas, at the recent 2022 Insurance Directors’ Conference organised by the College of Insurance and Financial Management (CIFM) and NAICOM in Lagos.

He added that this has become necessary as insurance remains the industry that ensures the survival of other industries.

He noted that the world is going through rapid changes economically, socially, and environmentally and this has spurred the need to bring directors of insurance entities to speed on these developments to enable sustainability.

He maintained that role of the board of directors in the survival and transformation of their establishments could never be overemphasized, and programmes like the conference were meant to apprise the directors of the developments in the industry and also equip them with the necessary knowledge that will enhance the value of their companies.

“We want to further encourage insurance companies to reduce their environmental footprint through their internal operations and business activities. I want to borrow the words of my dear sister, Dr Yeside Oyetayo, Rector of the College of Insurance and Financial Management, when she said, and I quote, Insurance is the industry that ensures the survival of other industries, it has always risen to the risks associated with human challenges in the past, and climate risks require that insurers must be part of the solution,” he said.

Mr Thomas said the insurance industry globally is continuously undergoing profound changes, adding that “we must admit that the disruption we are faced with is not just digital but also harsh market conditions, demanding customers, innovative new market entrants, and regulations which are also some of the forces transforming the insurance industry.

However, wherever there is a challenge, there is an opportunity. And all the sources of disruptions can be harnessed to become a source of growth for insurers. While no one can predict exactly what insurance might look like in a decade, insurers can take several steps now to prepare for these changes.

He noted that each of the four Principles for Sustainable Insurance has actions in the areas of company strategy, risk management and underwriting, product, and service development, claims management, sales, and marketing, investment management, clients and suppliers, insurers, reinsurers and intermediaries, government regulators, policymakers and stakeholders.

“It is imperative that as an industry, we take precautionary measures by raising awareness within ourselves on the potential sustainability impacts of business transactions and integrating these considerations into pre-emptive and holistic risk management processes,” he submitted.

He advised the directors as leaders of their respective companies that it is instructive that they take deliberate steps at reconciling long-term with short-term goals, global expansion with local objectives, and workplace, and community issues, all of which must be united, while not losing sight of the basic goals of profitable operations and increasing shareholder value.

He said to facilitate economic prosperity and ensure environmental sustainability and social development; we must join forces with identified stakeholders to drive long-term sustainable growth in the insurance sector for lasting benefits to all stakeholders.

“As an industry, we should draw on external knowledge and partnerships to keep pace with wider trends affecting not just the local but also the global insurance market. We must discover strategies to adapt and overcome further changes in the near future that may arise as a result of entrenching Economic, Social, and Governance principles,” he submitted.

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‘A unique opportunity’: Why calls are growing for new rules to protect ‘nature markets’

A new report has pinned the overall value of nature markets at a huge $10tr – but will it cut through with decision makers at COP15?

The launch of the UN biodiversity talks in Montreal this week has prompted yet another report that attempts to put a financial value on the services nature provides to the global economy.

The, study published by the Taskforce on Nature Markets group this morning, pins the value of”nature markets” at almost $10tr a year, a figure which amounts to roughly 11 per cent of global GDP.

The report, produced with help from McKinsey sustainability analysis outfit Vivid Economics, identifies two dozen markets that are explicitly base on the valuing and trading of nature, ranging from emerging markets such as carbon and biodiversity credits and nature liability insurance to more established markets such as conservation, nature-related tourism, and soft commodities.

The findings were framed by NatureFinance, the group behind the task force, as proof of the need to enhance governance of these so-called nature markets through cross-jurisdictional governance and regulation. The group has warned that embedding rules and incentives in these markets that protect nature are in the interest of the global economy, noting they are likely to lead to improvements on the bottom line for both public and private sectors.

The findings add to a library of reports published recently that have sought to either put a price on nature’s services or highlight the economic benefits they bring and the risks associated with their destruction. NatureFinance analysis is notable, because it specifically explores the role nature plays in the trajectory of 24 specific markets, from agricultural and livestock to nature-based carbon credits.

Jason Eis, executive director of Vivid Economics, said the findings highlighted the need to ensure that governance of these markets benefits nature. “The key is market governance and market infrastructure including features like rules of trade, product and certification standards, taxes and subsidies which could potentially help drive incentives for companies to support nature in responsible ways,” he said.

The Global Biodiversity Framework (GDF) under discussion at COP15 sets out a number of measures around how global systems of governance and finance can be reformed to better protect nature and close a massive $700bn annual biodiversity financing gap by 2030. Target 14 calls for biodiversity values to be integrated into policies, regulations, planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies, accounts, and assessments of environmental impacts at all levels of governance. This integration of nature into policymaking dovetails with the aim of Target 19 in the draft text, which calls for a rapid acceleration in both public and private finance towards nature conservation and remediation, in particular in the Global South.

Simon Zadek, co-lead of the Taskforce Secretariat and executive director of NatureFinance, said it was critical that funding for biodiversity was not limited to foreign aid. “By redesigning nature

markets to include nature positive instruments and policies in their governance, we can include a broader array of financial tools and move beyond Official Development Assistance (ODA) as the principal source of biodiversity funding,” he said. “We have a unique opportunity to reshape the core logic of these markets so that nature positive, net zero and equitable outcomes are built into the way they operate.”

The start of the COP15 Summit this week has also been accompanied by the launch of a number of new products designed to help companies and investors track and reduce their exposure to nature-related risks or quantify the benefits generated by nature-positive investments.

For example, a new ratings agency launched by the African Leadership University’s School of Wildlife Conservation (ALU’s SOWC), consultancy firm Dalberg, and FSD Africa Investments is aiming to help investors measure, rate, track and communicate the positive impacts their investments have on biodiversity.

The new Biodiversity Investment Rating Agency is set to advise investors on identifying the opportunities for impact investing in biodiversity-related projects, spotlighting relevant frameworks to measure biodiversity investment impacts. “Institutional investment in biodiversity as an asset class will be the key to unlocking the billions of private capital we need to address climate change and promote the business of conservation,” said Mike Musgrave from the SOWC.

Anne-Marie Chidzero, CIO at FSD Africa Investments, said the Biodiversity Investment Rating Agency would “help investors measure and track the impact of their capital on biodiversity conservation and restoration will play a central role in increasing investment in the sector”.

Meanwhile, British start-up NatureMetrics has this morning announced the launch of a new nature performing monitoring service for companies, designed to help them continually monitor their impact on nature.

“By launching the world’s most accurate nature performance monitoring system, companies across the globe will have one simple-to-deploy tool, enabling them to understand, track and improve their natural capital,” said Katie Critchlow, CEO of NatureMetrics. “Through cutting edge environmental DNA technology, we’ve devised a way of turning complex nature data into simple and meaningful metrics to inform board room level decisions for business and nature.”

Attempts to measure and price nature remain controversial in some quarters, and the surge of new products and reports that frame nature as an asset class or cluster of markets will be met by criticism from some green groups as the talks get underway in Montreal. Some campaigners have long argued that appealing to companies and countries’ financial self-interest panders to the root cause of the destruction of nature – the pursuit of economic growth. There is also a debate around whether the focus on environmental risk disclosures and measuring natural capital is inadvertently helping companies to defer actions that can deliver a more nature-positive world.

The counterargument, of course, is that quantifying nature’s services can drive change rapidly and at scale, because translating natural assets into financial terms will inevitably hit home with governments and in boardrooms. There is also strong sense among companies that the introduction of nature risk reporting into financial accounts is an important first step in their journey towards becoming nature-positive operations and giving investors insights they need to divert capital towards greener businesses. More than 300 companies have expressed their support for any deal reached at COP15 to include rules that would make nature risk reporting mandatory at large companies and financial institutions.

At any rate, NatureMetrics headline $10tr figure for the value of nature markets is clearly designed to shock governments and businesses assembled at COP15 into delivering a deal that can secure future economic growth by protecting nature. Delegates should take note.

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Ethiopia: Long way to go before the country can build securities exchange from scratch

Earlier this year, Ethiopia launched Ethiopia Investment Holdings (EIH), a new sovereign wealth fund, in a bid to spur foreign direct investment under a wider programme of privatisation and financial liberalisation. EIH has since announced its intention to establish the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX).

Working with the finance ministry and the specialist markets development agency FSD Africa, EIH expects the exchange to launch in two years, with 50 companies initially listed.

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Progress towards Ethiopia’s Stock Exchange

At least 50 companies are expected to list when Ethiopia’s stock exchange launches. The country’s new $38bn sovereign wealth fund Ethiopia Investment Holdings (EIH) is working with the Ministry of Finance and Nairobi-based FSD Africa to set up the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX) with an aim to get it operating by end 2023 or in the first half of 2024.

Ethiopia Investment Holdings has set up a project team with FSD Africa, backed by British Government development aid, and in September was inviting consultants to bid for a fund-raising drive to raise capital for the new bourse. The project team is to develop the ESX business plan and its structures, as well as outlining the market segments. It is also to lead developing the ESX trading rules, policies and procedures, the ESX trading and operating systems, and other ICT infrastructure. It will set the ESX into operations and launch it.

According to this news report on Capital Ethiopia, FSD Africa is funding technical support, legal advice and costs to get the stock exchange operational. The Ethiopian Securities Exchange will be a key step forward in capital markets development in Ethiopia as we highlighted in a previous editorial.

The Capital Markets Proclamation (No. 1248/2021) says the exchange will be established as a Share Company (public company in Ethiopian law) by Government in partnership with the private sector, including foreign investors. Between 25% and 55% of the ownership of the ESX will be for corporations, capital market intermediaries and operators of international securities exchanges, while Government will not own more than 25%. It will be a for-profit entity.

According to the FSDA, “At least 50 companies, including banks and insurance companies, are expected to list at the launch of the exchange. The exchange is designed to provide a fundraising platform for small and medium-size enterprises, which are the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. The exchange will also offer a platform for the privatisation of Ethiopia’s state-owned enterprises.

“In the past few years, the Government has implemented several reforms to open the economy and the launch of a securities exchange will be a catalyst for attracting new investment from the private sector.” The exchange will be a platform for the privatization of Ethiopia’s state-owned enterprises and will help Ethiopian businesses, including small and medium-size enterprises to raise capital.

The Ministry, EIH and FSDA signed a cooperation agreement to launch the bourse on 18 May 2022. Finance Minister Ahmed Shide said the cooperation agreement “… is a first concrete step towards realizing our vision.”

Mark Napier CEO of FSDA, added: “Our assistance… will leverage FSD Africa’s vast expertise and experience in developing capital markets infrastructure across Africa. This support signals our long-term commitment to a thriving capital market that is deep, liquid, and efficient.”

The next day a local agency, FSD Ethiopia, was launched to maintain the momentum. The timetable has become more realistic since 2019, when the exchange was flagged for 2020.

Meanwhile, work continues to build the Capital Market Authority regulator. In November 2021, Meles Minale, a senior macroeconomic advisor at the National Bank of Ethiopia (central bank) was appointed to chair a team of 14 experts to explore the establishment of the Authority. They report to Yinager Dessie, Governor of the NBE. According to this report by United Nations Development Programme, in June 2022, the NBE’s Capital Market Project Implementation Team (CMPIT) outlined a 10-year implementation plan and a roadmap with 4 pillars: market development, infrastructure development, capacity development and policy reviews.

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed will appoint a director and a deputy director for the Authority, which will be a federal agency accountable to Parliament. Its role includes safeguarding investors and overseeing the integrity of the capital market and supervising securities brokers, investment advisers, collective investment scheme operators, investment bankers and securities dealers.

EIH is a key shareholder in the ESX and is also likely to boost the exchange with a pipeline of listings, at least of minority stakes, in its $38 bn business portfolio. According to a EIH statement: “ESX will democratize corporate ownership of the nation’s largest and most influential companies, empowering Ethiopians with a direct stake in their country’s economic infrastructure.”

Observers believe it could still be two years before the ESX opens its doors for trading. It is expected to trade equities, derivatives, financial and debt securities, and FX (currency exchange) contracts. The country lacks stockbrokers, investment advisors, fund managers, custodians and many others.

A team from Ethiopia, including Ethiopia Investment Holdings CEO Mamo Esmelealem Mihretu and FSD Ethiopia CEO Ermias Eshetu, came to AFSIC 2022 conference in London in October to meet potential investors and discuss progress on the stock exchange.

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Africa seeks US$170 bln for Resilient infrastructure

AFRICA needs to mobilise a staggering US$170 billion annually in long term financing to develop infrastructure key sectors, agriculture included to accelerate growth dwarfed by the COVID 19, conflicts and climate change.

Faced with an overarching ‘debt overhang’ buffeting many of the continent’s 54-member states, the African Development Bank is dangling two options; float Green Bonds on security markets or entice cooperating partners to secure finance and close the continent’s current annual US$108 billion infrastructure financing deficit to close the gap.

The AfDB in  noting Africa’s infrastructure predicament amid the crisis that linger over the continent with lust to integrate and industrialise and make it competitive in intra and international trade practices has two immediate options to use capital market instruments or  draw donors to the table.

Africa’s predicament has further been heighted by geopolitical influence and‘ a debt overhang’ that hinder the attainment of the much-espoused sustainable development in all growth sectors including agriculture, SMEs, among others, hence the need to stimulate financing options.

Officiating at the three-day- 2022 African Long Term Finance Workshop dubbed: “Financing Africa Sustainable Development in Times of Global Headwinds” in Lusaka, AfDB’s country Manager-Zambia, Raubil Olaniyi Durowoju believes the funds can be mobilized to create ‘resilient infrastructure’ and enhance sustainable growth in key sectors in its 37-member states.

In 2019, the Pan African financial institution had in  collaboration with Germany Cooperation (GIZ) GmbH, Financial Sector Deepening Africa (FSD) Africa and the Making Finance Work for Africa (MFW4A) sought to improve intermediation of LTF on the continent by strengthening knowledge generation and dissemination through the creation of a database and scored board to act as comparative indicators of the level of development for the fund.

The diagnostic efforts so far undertaken in three countries, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana and Ethiopia  as part of the market data intelligence, has however not been sustained for various administrative reasons although there is still zeal by the AfDB to sustain the research to determine the countries’ capabilities.

However,  the willingness of Central Bank across the member states to assist in data collection have raised hope to supplement AfDB’s efforts to attain the objectives of the LTF initiative and help capture an accurate hope to improve data collection picture on the continent, raising a ray of hope for the attainment of LTF.

Mr. Durowoju calls for the unlocking of the potential endowed in 37-member states to access LTF through the creation of credible databases through enhanced policy reform while striving to make the database creation as LTF ‘one -stop-shop as priority for the realization of the long-cherished dream.

“We the AfDB hope to improve data collection on the continent and strengthen the quality of available data, ultimately, we hope to encourage more dialogue between policymakers, governments and financial stakeholders to create a synergy that will provide solutions to our financing deficit and support African financial sectors and economies,”

And Zambia’s Central Bank Governor, Denny Kalyalya expressed the country’s unwavering desire to complement the data collection as sought by the AfDB and that the success of the LTF was vital for Africa’s quest to raise resources for infrastructure development to become resistant to climate crisis.

Dr. Kalyalya acknowledges the theme adopted at the Lusaka-three-day conference, propping a drive for LTF that has been endorsed  by the Breton Woods institution-IMF for Africa to raise a staggering US$30-50 billion in additional funds per year for climate change adaptation through among other instruments, the Green Bonds, an alternative to debt accruals as it seeks to invest in infrastructure.

He acknowledges the risks associated with the climate change effects which has prompted policy makers to pay attention to the devastations and are actively taking steps to counter the effects.

The lingering effects of COVID 19 pandemic on world economies further serves to emphasis the unwavering need to raise LTF.

The heightening geopolitical unrest as evidenced in the Russia-Ukraine war and recent inflationary pressures have heightened economic uncertainty globally, de facto, limiting fiscal space on the continent.

The Lusaka-based Bank of Zambia realizes the need to partner in the data collection and compilation and foster the generation and disbursement of the would-be funds for the intended purposes, though regrets the slow pace at which the diagnostic process was undertaken-covering a paltry three countries, hopeful the exercise would be revisited and expedited to allow Africa raise LTF.

“The Bank of Zambia is pleased to take part in the significant project and I can confirm that the BOZ has completed all necessary steps to submit the requested data for 2022,” he said in a speech read on his behalf by Ms. Gladys Mposha, the director, Bank supervision

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