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New report lays out urgent actions, that regulators can take to safeguard the new agenda for nature – key to Africa’s financial future

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Nairobi, 25 July 2023: A new report from the collaborative forum of African financial institutions the African Natural Capital Alliance (ANCA) and management consulting firm Oliver Wyman has underlined the growing importance of African regulators acting on nature-related risks in line with their mandate of maintaining financial stability.

The report “Improving the transparency of nature-related risks in Africa: the emerging regulatory agenda”, outlines how financial sector stakeholders, including regulators, are increasingly recognising that the depletion of nature poses risks to financial and economic stability.

The report makes clear that the issue is a particularly urgent one for sub-Saharan Africa as its economies are disproportionately dependent on nature. For instance, over 70% of people living in the region are dependent on forests and woodlands for their livelihoods, compared to about half of the total world’s GDP generated in industries that depend on nature. The rate at which nature in Africa is being lost also exceeds the global average. For example, Africa’s Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) score – which measures the number and abundance of species on land – declined by 4.2% between 1970 and 2014, considerably higher than the global BII score decline of 2.7% over the same period.

In East Africa alone, failure to protect natural capital as a whole (including its stocks of soil, air, water, and all living things, which underpin the region’s economy and human well-being) would result in an economic loss of more than $11.3 billion a year, according to an assessment commissioned in 2021 by USAid.

Dorothy Maseke, the Nature Lead at FSD Africa and ANCA, says: “Enhanced transparency of nature-related risks is fundamental to managing them effectively. This is the case for individual financial institutions, which need visibility of the nature-related risks in their lending, underwriting, and investment portfolios. And it is also the case for regulators, so that they can identify nature-related risk concentrations for regulated entities and assess whether they are being managed effectively.”

African regulators embracing this complexity is so important, she adds, because the continent is disproportionately exposed to nature-related risks.

Sandra Villars, senior advisor at Oliver Wyman, says: “The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which was adopted in December 2022 by 188 governments across the world, aims to address biodiversity loss, restore ecosystems, and protect indigenous rights. This landmark agreement prompts governments to introduce policies to manage nature loss, which will lead to regulators having to act, and highlights the opportunities for regulators to do so proactively.

African regulators could thus benefit from engaging with this new agenda early and being at the forefront of integrating nature into their regulatory regimes.”

As summarised in the report, there are four simple steps regulators can take as part of a nature-related disclosure roadmap while policy frameworks are being finalised in their jurisdictions:

  1. Engage with finance and environment ministries to align their regulatory approach with
  2. government’s policy agenda on nature
  3.  Assess internal capacity and act on gaps
  4.  Assess the capacity for action among regulated entities
  5.  Engage in voluntary nature networks such as the Sustainable Insurance Forum (SIF), the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), the African Natural Capital Alliance (ANCA), and the Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)

Framework for a national nature strategy: Facilitating the development of national nature strategies that are aligned with the Convention on Biological Diversity

Executive summary

The economies of African countries, like those of countries in other global regions, are heavily reliant on natural resources. Nature loss and degradation pose signifi-cant risks for economic development and well-being. Investments to protect and restore natural environments can help safeguard African and other global regions from risks associated with environmental degradation and unlock new economic opportunities.

A national nature strategy can facilitate countries’ efforts to navigate an increasing-ly complicated normative landscape characterized by numerous compliance obli-gations and commitments, including those stemming from the Kunming-Montre-al Global Biodiversity Framework, national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and countries’ nationally determined contributions. National nature strategies can help countries respond to nature-related risks and opportunities, align policies with international, regional and market priorities, and make implementation and reporting more efficient. National nature strategies can also help countries im-prove climate-related outcomes at the many points where nature interacts with the climate.

In this report, the authors present a framework that can facilitate efforts by Afri-can and other countries to draw up and implement national nature strategies. The framework provides start-to-finish guidance and covers the implementation of nature assessments, the establishment of a national vision and related targets, the development of a strategy to deliver on those targets, strategy implementation, the exploitation of nature-related opportunities, the management of nature-relat-ed risks, and compliance with international obligations, such as those stemming from the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and from national bio-diversity strategies and action plans. The strategy was developed in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders, including policymakers, nature experts and representatives of non-governmental and multilateral organizations.

The framework comprises four components, namely: (I) Baseline and ambition: rea-sons for a national nature strategy and outcomes to aim for; (II) Initiatives: actions to take in order to achieve the aforementioned outcomes; (III) Instruments: incentiviz-ing action to achieve desired outcomes; and (IV) Governance and implementation: planning and implementing the strategy and assigning responsibilities.

Advocating for Nature and Climate

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In this edition of the African Business podcast we speak to Elizabeth Maruma Mrema about her role as co-chair at the Taskforce for Nature-related Financial Disclosures. Maruma Mrema is also the United Nations Assistant Secretary General and the Deputy Director of the United Nations Environment Programme. She is one of Time magazine’s Most Influential People for 2023 – having been a key figure at the Nature COP 15 in Montreal spearheading a groundbreaking agreement on biodiversity protection.

In this episode she tells us how the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) was established to develop a risk management and disclosure framework for organisations, aiming to shift global financial flows towards nature-positive outcomes.

As climate change and nature are interconnected, an integrated approach has become necessary to effectively address these challenges. Maruma Mrema tells us about the significance of integrating nature-related disclosures within climate-related reporting and the role of corporate disclosures in promoting transparency and accountability.

The TNFD also complements the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). By integrating nature-related information into financial decision-making processes, businesses can mitigate risks, identify sustainable opportunities, and contribute to nature conservation. The TNFD has closely aligned its recommendations with the TCFD to promote consistency and facilitate the adoption of an integrated climate-nature disclosure framework.

We also look ahead to the launch of the TNFD framework in September in New York and to Cop28 in December in the UAE.

Read an excerpt from the interview in IC Intelligence Insights 09: Nature and Climte Redux 

Credits

Host and executive producer: Dr Desné Masie

Co-producer: Peter Doerrie

Digital Editor: Charles Dietz

Design: Jason Venkatasamy

Music: Corporate Uplifting Chill by MusicLFiles

Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Democratising insurance in Africa

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Opinion by: Elias Omondi

It is a cruel irony that Africa – the continent arguably most exposed to the risks and ravages of a changing climate and economic uncertainty – is also the continent least protected by insurance instruments. African insurance penetration drives 3% of the continent’s GDP, a figure dwarfed by the global average of around 7%, and premiums per capita are 11-fold lower than the world average.

Unprecedented ecological change, compounded by global economic instability and woefully disrupted international supply chains, demand that Africans and African businesses enjoy the basic security and protection of insurance products.  Moreover, the preponderance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Africa’s economic life only intensifies the need for some kind of safety net – so that already vulnerable communities are afforded a level of security to which they are surely entitled.

Though rarely cited as a fundamental bedrock for development, insurance and insurance-applicable technology are indispensable, and their importance is only growing. Indeed, the Brookings Institution characterises insurance as an “often overlooked” but nonetheless a crucial “behind-the-scenes factor driving growth at all levels of society, from family life to massive infrastructure projects to technology development”.

It is in this context that FSD Africa – the specialist development agency working to make finance work for Africa’s future – established the “BimaLab” programme in 2020. With the support of African regulators and backers such as Swiss Re Foundation, Prudential, SCBF, GIZ and FSD Ethiopia, we have developed an insurtech programme driving the development and scalability of inclusive and innovative insurance products which are tailored to address evolving African concerns and exposures.

BimaLab seeks to address – and ultimately plug – the “protection gap” predominant in Africa, cultivating the next generation of insurtech innovators through a combination of capacity building, technical assistance, funding support and help ensuring regulatory alignment and, where necessary, reform (take, for example, Ghana’s revisions of its Insurance Act to accommodate an “innovative licence category”).

Beginning three years ago with a pilot in Kenya, and then expanded to Nigeria and Ghana in 2021 and 2022, the programme has this year rolled out the accelerator programme in 10 African countries.

A cursory look at the numbers demonstrates the value this, and programmes like it, are already delivering for communities on the continent. In Kenya, Nigeria and Ghana, BimaLab-sponsored insurtechs have reached a million customers and have created 43 new insurance products and technologies. Moreover, close to 20 of BimaLab’s cohort have managed to sign strategic partnership agreements with major insurance players in the region, thereby accelerating the process of bringing new products and services to market and raising over $3m. Graduates of the BimaLab programme – CoverApp in Kenya, SosoCare in Nigeria and BeNew Insurance in Cameroon – have even won African Insuretech awards.

Bringing insurance to Africa’s SMEs

The urgency of democratising insurance in Africa derives in large part from the central role played by SMEs in the continent’s economic development. SMEs represent around 90% of all African businesses, generating 40% of the continent’s GDP and up to 80% of jobs. The resilience of these businesses, which do not enjoy the kinds of balance sheets that can withstand major disruptions unsupported, depends on our ability to create a viable and accessible insurance market.

Moreover, compounding Covid-19 and the economic chaos ensuing from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, African businesses are contending with the sharp end of climate change. Of the 10 countries most vulnerable to a changing climate, seven are located in Africa, and the sub-Saharan region contains 95% of the world’s rain-fed agriculture. Dwindling or unpredictable rainfall – as has been affecting East Africa recently – as well as rising temperatures, hurt small businesses in already impoverished communities, risking their economic collapse.

Access to insurance products has a transformative effect on the stability and resilience of African SMEs, through developing insurance products that are for once affordable and effective. Moreover, by supporting businesses at their most vulnerable, we can help cultivate the major enterprises of tomorrow, which will accelerate Africa’s development and its prominence in the global economy.

There is a widening protection gap in Africa that exposes tens of millions of people to radical unpredictability and leaves them entirely at the mercy of a rapidly changing climate and a destabilised global economy. By convening innovators, insurance companies, technology service providers, regulators and investors, we can transform insurance and the scale at which it is delivered, to communities where a basic safety net is of existential importance.

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Transform Health Fund raises $50m to scale proven innovative healthcare models in Africa

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7th June 2023, NAIROBI – FSD Africa Investments, AfricInvest, Malaria No More, and Health Finance Coalition (HFC) have announced the establishment of the Transform Health Fund (THF), a blended-finance fund for scaling proven and innovative healthcare models in Africa. THF has received commitments of $50 million reaching its target size for its first close.

The fund aims to respond to the critical healthcare financing gap in Africa while building a resilient healthcare ecosystem that improves access, affordability, resilience, and quality of healthcare for low-income patients. It will target three critical areas serving low-income patients: supply chain transformation, innovative care delivery, and digital innovation.

THF’s investments will target countries across sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on East, Southern, and Francophone West Africa. This investment is designed to contribute to addressing the acute need for quality and affordable healthcare across the continent.

THF’s investment strategy explicitly targets health services for women as one of its main investment objectives. Some of its investments are constructed with a strong gender lens, targeting women-led businesses and serving increasing numbers of women.

Anne Marie Chidzero, Chief Investment Officer, FSD Africa Investments said: “FSDAi is excited to announce its catalytic capital investment in the innovative THF fund. We are proud that our capital contribution to this tranche of the fund facilitated the participation of other commercial and corporate private sector investors. Partnering with AfricInvest, HFC and the additional fund participants to strengthen the African healthcare system, particularly in a time of environmental stress and unpredictable climate events, is a high priority for FSDAi.”

Louise Walker, Head of Private Sector and Capital Markets Department, FCDO said: “The UK is excited with FSDAi to be a catalytic investor in the Transform Health Fund. This is an innovative partnership that brings together concessional and private finance which will in turn mobilise more capital, critical to making healthcare more accessible to and more affordable for low-income patients across the continent. I’m particularly pleased to see that investments will target women-led businesses and services will also focus on women, where we know maternal and infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa is well above SDG goals.”

AfricInvest, with its three decades of expertise and insight, will play a critical role in leveraging a wide range of support throughout many regions of the continent, providing financing for companies in the health sector, helping African local markets to both scale up their own healthcare systems as well as creating regional champions.

“As health financing needs continue to grow and healthcare demands increase, it is a critical we work toward closing Africa’s massive health financing gap,” said Martin Edlund, CEO, Malaria No More and Executive Director of the Health Finance Coalition. “The Transform Health Fund serves a vital role in catalyzing capital to scale healthcare solutions.”

THF’s partners include Royal Philips, Merck & Co., Inc., known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Swedfund, FSD Africa Investments, Netri Foundation, Anesvad Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada (with funding from Global Affairs Canada), Chemonics International, and MCJ Amelior Foundation. The fund is expected to attract additional investors who share the goal of improving healthcare in Africa.

Lab announces new class of ground-breaking solutions to drive public and private investment in emerging markets

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LONDON – Members of the Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance (the Lab) gathered in London to select the innovative climate finance solutions that will be accelerated in 2023. Lab members voted to choose six new models to channel investments in challenging sectors such as climate adaptation and gender equality.

“We are thrilled about the quality and breadth of the types of innovative financial solutions that we see in this new Lab cycle. It’s fantastic that our members continue to help the Lab expand our boundaries, focusing more on where we can have the highest impact on the ground,” said Dr. Barbara Buchner, Global Managing Director of Climate Policy Initiative.

The Lab is an investor-led initiative that identifies, develops, and launches promising solutions to drive critical public and private investment in climate change in developing economies. Each year, the Lab competition selects promising, early-stage ideas for sustainable investment and rapidly develops these ideas into fundable, scalable investment vehicles and business models.

“This year, we were excited to introduce a Gender Equality stream and expand our Africa program,” said Lab Associate Director Ben Broché. “We need to see a rapid scale-up of investment across sectors, and the Lab is always keen to take on new challenges: since we launched nine years ago, the Lab has developed 62 solutions that have mobilized USD 3.5 billion for climate action in emerging markets.”

In 2023, the Lab received around 150 applications from leading asset managers, development finance institutions, global NGOs, prominent project developers, financial services firms, and entrepreneurs. The winners will undergo seven months of analysis, stress-testing, development, and preparation for launch later this year.

2023 LAB WINNERS

Catalyst Climate Resilience Fund supports pre-seed climate adaptation startups that improve the resilience of vulnerable African communities, fostering a more robust ecosystem of climate adaptation innovations. Catalyst Fund and BFA Global, an innovation consulting firm headquartered in Kenya, spearhead the idea

Climate Resilient Landscape Finance (CRLF) is a first-of-its-kind model where financiers, conservancy management, and landowners collectively share the risks and rewards of sustainable land management activities. The proponent is Platcorp, an established microlender and asset manager in Eastern and Southern Africa.

Impact Financing Facility for Climate-Focused Social Enterprises offers blended finance instruments to support social enterprises adopting climate-smart technologies and establishing a track record to access commercial capital. The idea proponent is Villgro, an Indian social enterprise incubator.

Lendable Emerging Market Sustainability-Linked Loan Fund provides loans to SMEs for implementing climate solutions. Borrowers who reach targets get lower interest, and the fund earns carbon credits. Proponent Lendable offers financing solutions for companies with a positive impact.

Social Infra Ventures (SIV) is a pan-African rental platform to service low and lower-middle-income families and vulnerable groups in Africa’s secondary cities designed around women’s needs. SIV will partner up with Cardano Development to pilot the idea in Morocco.

The VOX VERT Land Use Transition Fund finances the transition to sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions through a private credit fund with a blended finance structure. The proponents are Vert, a securitization company, and Vox Capital, an impact investment house.

Lab Members’ Quotes

Ajibola Olalowo, Advisor, German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK), said: “The Lab has been successful in delivering impact over almost one decade. Investments in Lab ideas span the globe, including challenging sectors such as climate risk, nature-based solutions, sustainable cities, and gender equality. However, there is still work to be done in mobilizing private finance for climate action, and Lab’s ideas are crucial for strengthening private sector investments to keep 1.5° alive.”

Antha Williams, who leads Bloomberg Philanthropies’ environment program, said: “Innovative financial solutions that address the climate crisis are pivotal to transitioning to a low-carbon economy at the speed and scale necessary. The Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance’s innovative approach helps identify, develop, and scale pioneering financial instruments that are making a tangible impact in combating climate change. Bloomberg Philanthropies is delighted to support the India Lab to help transform promising ideas into viable investment opportunities that drive climate action in India.”

Sumaiya Sajjad, Head of the Technical Assistance Facility, FinDev Canada, said: “FinDev Canada is committed to advancing opportunities in the gender and climate nexus area through our investments and partnerships, which includes our support to the Lab. Women are disproportionately affected by climate change despite being at the forefront of adopting climate-smart solutions. The Lab is well positioned to support innovative solutions with an intentional gender approach and to capitalize on the growing momentum across the investment landscape to increase gender-responsive climate finance offerings.”

Nine additional ideas made it to the finalist stage

  • Altree Kadzi Gender Climate Fund, Altree Capital
  • Climate Agriculture Debt Restructuring Facility (CADRF), Abt Associates
  • Food&Forest, Impact Bank Amazônia Securitizadora de Créditos S/A
  • Gender-Based Smallholder Economic Liberation Project, Prado Power Limited
  • Green India Fund, Green Artha
  • Infrastructure Climate Resilient Fund (ICRF), AFC Capital Partners
  • Mobilize: De-risking E-mobility, VAI Capital
  • Offgrid Finance Pop-up SPV, Offgrid.finance Limited

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Swiss Firm Partners With Local Insurers To Build Low – Cost Health Products For Local Communities

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NAIROBI, Kenya, April 27 – Swiss Capacity Building Facility (SCBF) and APA Insurance have partnered with a consortium of local insurance innovators to provide affordable primary healthcare insurance solutions to under-served Kenyans.

The innovators include Paa Insurance Agency; an inclusive insurance distribution specialist, Emerging Markets; a research and design consultancy firm, Ilara Health; a network of primary healthcare facilities and Democrance; a SaaS plug-and-play insurance technology provider.

The partners have developed an innovative solution designed with a hybrid model of capitation costs, and in-patient benefit for patients who become hospitalised.

“We are proud to launch this innovative initiative which will see thousands of under-served households in rural and peri-urban Kenya have access to sustainable primary health care financing solutions to protect their families against out-of-pocket expenses that could otherwise force them into poverty,” said Dana Ellis, Senior Operations Manager at SCBF.

The technical assistance funding from SCBF will contribute to strengthening financial inclusion and increasing resilience against primary healthcare costs for under-served communities in Kenya, intending to reach at least 50 per cent of women.

This is aligned to the Government of Kenya’s 2030 financial inclusion strategy to ensure that no person in Kenya is left out of reach of financial services, to increase their resilience against risks beyond their control, while also improving their access to essential healthcare services.

Speaking at the launch of the project , APA Group CEO Ashok Shah noted that, “it is important for insurers to think beyond offering insurance to the affluent customer segment.”

He emphasised that the future of insurance lies in tapping into the majority of the population which remains uninsured.

APA has been at the forefront of supporting inclusive insurance solutions targeting the middle and lower base of the economic pyramid, and shall continue to do so with this initiative, to create social and sustainable impact within the communities.

The demand for new innovative insurance solutions, over the last few years, has seen an emergence of insurtechs (insurance innovators who use technology to create and improve insurance solutions) and simplified customer experiences facilitating the purchase, service and making of claims without the barriers associated with mainstream insurance.

This proliferation has particularly been fueled by the regulator-backed programme, BimaLab, in partnership with Financial Sector Deepening Africa (FSD Africa).

BimaLab is an accelerator program that supports early insurtech innovators to develop innovative insurance solutions.

Elias Omondi, Senior Manager Risk Regulation at FSD Africa, who inspired the birth of BimaLab remarked, “We’re thrilled to see startups that have gone through BimaLab launch innovative products that will redefine how insurance is offered and accessed in the Kenyan market, and even beyond our borders. We will work closely with the innovators, the insurer and the regulator to see that the project achieves its intended impact.”

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The African Green Bank initiative provides $1.6 million to support the first Green Finance Facilities in Africa

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( AfDB) – The African Development Bank has launched the African Green Bank Initiative to tackle Africa’s key barriers to climate financing and promote resilient, green and sustainable growth.

The Green Bank Initiative will be supported by the African Green Finance Facility Fund (AG3F), which aims at developing an ecosystem of local and regional Green Finance Facilities to mobilize private investment in support of climate transition. AG3F promotes the deployment of the Green Bank Model throughout the continent. To ensure rapid deployment, AG3F will partner with existing local financial institutions and leverage on their network, financing capacity and experienced staff.

For its pilot phase, AG3F aims at mobilizing $10 million for the technical assistance, of which $1.6 million have already been secured, and $90 million to support the capitalization of the first Green Finance Facilities. Contributors will include donor countries, multilateral development banks, development finance institutions (DFI), climate funds and philanthropic or impact investors. First beneficiaries include Banque Nationale d’Investissement de Côte d’Ivoire and Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations du Bénin, which will develop pipelines of clean energy, resilient infrastructures or smart agriculture projects.

Green Finance Facilities will support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and local communities by offering direct access to climate finance. The initiative will help African countries implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), as investment needs are estimated at $2.8 trillion by 2030 and funds invested on the continent still represent a limited share of global green finance flows.

AG3F will benefit from best practices and support of strategic partners for the creation, financing and deployment of Green Banks. These partners have built an international reputation in the area of climate finance and include the leading European asset manager Amundi, the knowledge platform Green Bank Network, the leading multilateral fund Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and Canada’s Climate Action in Africa project.

Audrey-Cynthia Yamadjako, co-ordinator of the Green Bank initiative, welcomed the onboarding of those partners in the AG3F projects: “We are delighted to start the work with our partners in the pilot phase of AG3F. We will benefit from their technical knowledge, investment vehicles and funding capacity to create the first African Green Finance Facilities”.

According to African Development Bank Vice President for Private Sector, Infrastructure and Industrialization,Solomon Quaynor, “technical assistance will enhance Green Finance Facilities’ green project management and governance and is therefore key to attract private capital by entrenching long-term investor confidence.” Technical assistance will be needed to create Green Finance Facilities and build up their technical capacities, including by implementing monitoring, risk evaluation and reporting tools and structuring a bankable pipeline of green projects.

Upon launch of the African Green Bank Initiative at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP27) in Egypt in November 2022, African Development Bank Vice President for Energy, Power, Climate and Green Growth, Kevin Kariuki highlighted that the initiative was a key stepping stone to meet Sharm El Sheikh implementation plan.

“The Green Bank Initiative is a powerful tool for reducing financing costs and mobilizing private sector investments in climate action in Africa,” Kariuki said. He said multilateral development banks and international financial institutions had a crucial role in enabling local financial institutions to develop a green pipeline of sustainable and “Paris-aligned” projects.

The initiative is part of the African Financial Alliance on Climate Change (AFAC). Akinwumi Adesina, President of the African Development Bank Group, explained as part of AFAC that mobilizing the financial sector will be key to address climate change in Africa: “Africa’s financial actors need to work together creatively to mobilize global financial resources at scale that can support local innovation, and that drive climate-resilient and low-carbon development on the continent”.

About the African Development Bank Group

As Africa’s premier development finance institution, African Development Bank (AfDB) objective is to spur sustainable economic development and social progress in African countries, thus contributing to poverty reduction. AfDB’s strategy for 2013-2022 focuses on two objectives: improving the quality of Africa’s growth and the transition to green growth.

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Devex Invested: How Africa can attract more climate finance

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Environment-related and impact investments have grown substantially in recent years, with more than $1 trillion in impact investing assets under management globally. About $578 billion in green bonds were issued by 2021, with double-digit increases each year.

But very few of those climate-related investments are making it to the world’s lowest-income countries. It’s partly due to a lack of willingness from major donors to cough up funding they’ve promised, and partly due to lower risk appetite as interest rates and debt burdens mount.

This week we look at how carbon credits or other investments might offer an opportunity to unlock climate finance on the African continent.

  • One carbon credit is equal to 1 metric ton of greenhouse gas that is reduced, sequestered, or avoided. Global carbon markets, where those credits are exchanged, are valued at over $2 billion. But Africa accounts for just 2% of trading. The existing market is fragmented and complex, and high-quality carbon credits are scarce because accounting and verification methodologies vary quite a bit, writes Devex contributor David Njagi. But the global markets could be worth more than $50 billion by 2030 — which certainly seems worth tapping.
  • Enter the Africa Carbon Market Initiative, which was launched during last year’s United Nations Climate Change Conference. It aims to rapidly increase the production of African carbon credits while ensuring that revenues are transparent, equitable, and create jobs. Ensuring that local communities actually see the payout is key.
  • Another way to attract climate finance is for Africans to take advantage of the growing demands for the critical minerals required for the global energy transition, Samaila Zubairu, president and CEO of the Africa Finance Corporation, recently told me. Rather than shipping raw materials — which itself increases emissions — countries want to do more processing at the source but local projects will need outside funding to do so, he said. He hopes the push for lower emissions and more electric vehicles, along with the current geopolitical situation, can lead to more investment on the continent, and in turn more jobs and development.
  • While financial institutions have increasingly focused on impact and environmental and social investing, hopes that the trends would drive more money to low- and middle-income countries haven’t really translated to reality so far. Mainstream investors are still focused on financial returns and see too much risk in investing in these markets, Bill Sonneborn, global director of disruptive technology and funds at the International Finance Corporation, told me recently. But he’s not entirely pessimistic: Eventually, these investors will have to invest in these markets, he added.

Call to action

 “It’s urgent that we get progress and that progress consists of concrete resolutions of debt that greatly helps countries reach sustainability.”— David Malpass, president, World Bank

A new pot of gold?

You heard it here first: The World Bank will set up a new “crisis facility” for the world’s lowest-income nations and Ukraine as it works to prevent more backsliding on key development priorities including health and education. The bank’s member countries support the new funding mechanism, Axel van Trotsenburg, the World Bank’s senior managing director, tells my colleague Shabtai Gold.

Now it’s up to the board to approve the move, so donors can start ponying up. Approval could come as soon as next month. Van Trotsenburg conceded that donor countries face stress at home over budgets and that asking for more money is delicate. “What I’m doing is stressing them even further,” he says but noted that these are “crisis times” for the world’s poorest people.

This facility would sit within the International Development Association, the bank’s fund for the lowest-income nations that offers highly concessional loans and grants. The IDA funds, which typically are replenished in three-year cycles, will also drop off in coming years because of the World Bank front-loaded spending. And whether donors will put in more cash to support IDA is a key debate around the ongoing reform efforts.

Money, money, money

$204 billion —

That is the total aid spending of OECD’s Development Assistance Committee member countries in 2022. It’s up 13.6% from the previous year.

A lot of the increase in spending went to supporting refugees and Ukraine, including European donors supporting refugees within their own borders. Aid to the group of least developed countries and to sub-Saharan Africa fell slightly, according to Devex Senior Development Analyst Miguel Antonio Tamonan.

A new day

The New Development Bank issued a $1.25 billion green bond last week, the first dollar bond issuance since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The development bank of the BRICS emerging market nations, made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, has faced challenges raising money on the capital markets, as Moscow is a major shareholder.

None of the money in the latest bond will go to Russia, and the bank has had to pay a risk premium on the funding. But the bank’s Chief Financial Officer Leslie Maasdorp tells Shabtai that “This is a major step forward because now we’re starting a new journey.”

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Building trust in digital payments in Africa

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While cash and mobile money remain the dominant payment methods in Africa, they come with significant challenges. Cash is inefficient, insecure, and expensive, while mobile money services often lack the necessary regulatory support to operate independently. However, key emerging trends in the sector are helping to drive meaningful financial inclusion across the continent, notes Mark Dankworth, President of Business Development Africa at leading Banking as a Service and embedded finance enablement partner, Ukheshe.

One of the most significant trends in the African payments sector is the increasing collaboration between banks and fintech companies. Banks, as regulated entities, play a critical role in processing funds, which then flow into digital wallets where fintechs are best positioned to provide digital services. There is scope to offer even more functionality and convenience that answer specific market challenges and pain points, including bill payments, airtime top-ups, or public transport payments, among others. By providing incentives for users to keep their funds in these wallets and use them for digital payments, the adoption of digital payments can increase rapidly and reduce the reliance on cash on the continent.

Closer collaboration between banks and fintech companies is a positive development and has the biggest potential to drive financial inclusion in Africa. In many African countries, regulators are paying closer attention to new players in the sector. While fintech companies often lack the necessary licenses to operate independently, banks can provide the necessary regulatory support with the end goal of offering a broader range of services to their customers. By working together, banks and fintechs can help to promote financial inclusion and make digital payments more accessible, and, crucially, more trusted.

Another trend that is driving the growth of digital payments in Africa is the explosion of cross-border remittances alongside the urgent need for these to improve. South Africa to Zimbabwe is one of the largest corridors of cross-border remittances globally, and a staggering 84% of these transactions are still cash-based. According to the World Bank, remittances to low- and middle-income countries grew to USD$626 billion in 2022. These remittances are also an essential source of foreign currency for many African countries, helping to support economic growth and development.

To facilitate cross-border remittances, many companies are developing pool accounts that allow for instant remittances of funds. Associations are also putting in place regulatory frameworks that promote innovation and protect consumers, and these developments will help sustain the growth of the industry and make it more accessible to all Africans.

QR payments are also gaining traction in African markets, offering merchants an affordable and convenient way to accept digital payments without expensive hardware. This payment method has been hugely successful in markets like China, where QR is widely used for everything from buying groceries to paying for public transport. In Africa, QR payments have been slower to take off, but their potential is significant. Visa and Mastercard are investing heavily in SME support to drive acceptance and create more opportunities for digital payments. Obviously, QR offers several advantages over traditional point-of-sale systems. For merchants, QR payments are affordable and easy to use, requiring only a smartphone and an internet connection. For customers, QR payments are convenient and secure, allowing them to make payments without the need for cash. Once again, acceptance is largely a function of the underlying trust and overall convenience of the payment method.

Ultimately, the prevailing dominance of cash in Africa will only be truly upended when payment models are instantly efficient and offer instantaneous value. In the unique African context, customers must have full control over their money with seamless, interoperable, and user-friendly solutions – this is where Ukheshe, and its strategic partnerships, can make the biggest impact.

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